Grouper Species Overview

Grouper is a general name for a very diverse and widespread group of fish in the family Serranidae. This group of fish is one of the most sought after because they are extremely fun to catch and in most cases, excellent to eat. There are many different varieties of grouper, and they come in all shapes and sizes. The Gulf of Mexico with its amazing amount of artificial reefs and life giving nutrients, creates the perfect home for many of these species. The grouper are benthic fish, meaning they generally live near the bottom of the ocean. There are some exceptions, like the oil rigs of Louisiana, where vertical structures give the grouper a place to hide and live that is higher in the water column than normal.

The key to catching grouper is to lure the fish out from structure, where they typically congregate. Heavy tackle and a strong back are often requirements to pull these brutes from their lair. The grouper is a sit and wait predator and will dart out of hiding for a passing fish or crab. Actually, they will eat just about anything they can fit in their large mouths. When a grouper is hooked, it charges back towards the nearest structure, and if the fish makes it, your line or leader will be cut by sharp edges of the structure. It is quite a challenge and is very satisfying when you succeed.

Grouper come in many shapes, colors and sizes throughout the world and some can be over 600 pounds. Grouper are slow growing and therefore susceptible to over harvest. Regulations are put in place for most of the grouper complex, and rules often include closed seasons during their spawning periods. Many grouper share the unique ability to change their sex over the course of time. Grouper are born female, and when mature, the largest fish in the local area will transform into a male fish. If he is caught or moves on, another female will convert and take the place of the missing male. It is quite amazing. Generally they are great eating and are pursued by recreational and commercial fishermen alike.